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SECTORAL INFORMATION
FRESHWATER AQUACULTURE
Inland aquaculture is being promoted by FFDA. The Fish Farmers Development Agencies have been established in all the 30 districts of the State. Since inception 58,509 hectares have been brought under scientific management. The average fish production from the FFDA tanks is around 2050 Kgs. Per ha. Per annum, which is lower than the national productivity mainly due to inadequate demonstration of new technology, inadequate financial assistance from financial institutions and onslaught of natural calamities like - drought, flood and cyclone etc. in the State.
STRATEGY TO INCREASE INLAND FISH PRODUCTION:
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By bringing more institutional tank/ pond area in to scientific pisciculture
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By developing new ponds through FFDA
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By enhancing production in reservoirs as per reservoir fishery policy
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By check & control measures and river ranching through policies
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Private sector encouragement on seed production
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Proper seed certification mechanism to be developed
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Devolution of data base to identify various aqua-climatic zone and standardization of packages of practices for individual zone
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Capacity building for entrepreneurship development and aqua-farmers
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Diversification of culture technology
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Improvement of genetic and bio-diversity
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Thrust for freshwater prawn culture
MAJOR OPPORTUNITIES & MAJOR CONSTRAINTS
Freshwater Aquaculture Sector
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OPPORTUNITIES
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CONSTRAINTS
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- Vast Resources
- Production potential
– 3.27 Lakh MT
- Present Production Level
– 1.90 lakh MT
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Long term lease of G.P. Tanks above 5 years
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River ranching & sustainable exploitation policy
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Act & Rules to regulate the conservations in inland sector
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BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE
Six coastal districts namely Balasore, Bhadrak, Kendrapada, Jagatsinghpur, Puri & Ganjam are along the coast of Bay of Bengal. A considerable extent of land along the seacoast in these districts are un-suitable for agriculture but suitable for brackishwater shrimp culture. As such, shrimp culture in the coastal stretch has grown considerably during the last decade.
Good amount of export earning from shrimp culture has led to large-scale encroachment of Govt. land in the coastal region and tend to upset the delicate coastal eco-system. As per the verdict of the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India State level and district level committees have been constituted to recommend cases to Aquaculture Authority of India to accord permission to genuine entrepreneurs for shrimp farming. So far 1247 cases have been approved by the Aquaculture Authority of India (AAI). Initiative has been taken to re-survey the potential brackishwater land of the State. Till date 13,355.00 ha. of Brackishwater land have been brought under the culture fold.
MARINE SECTOR
Under the marine sector there are 559 marine fishermen villages with a population of 1,73,197 who depend on the marine resources for their livelihood. There are 64 fish landing centers, which include 4 Fishing Harbours and 16 Jetties. There is an indication that the inshore fisheries have been reached to the maximum production level. The fishing activities of the state are restricted to its territorial waters. The OMFRA is in force, which create confrontation with the neighboring state vessel owners whose fishing vessels encroached to the territorial waters of the State. To strengthen the monitoring, control and surveillance system for conservation of sea turtles, two patrol boats have been constructed with the GoI assistance.
The State aims at increasing fish production by rationally managing the inshore fishing resources and tapping the offshore resources. The turtle related conservation and protection measures have restricted fishing in around 120 kms. of the coast due to prohibition of fishing in Gahirmatha area round the year. Besides a substantial area has also been declared as prohibited area for 7 months (from November to May each year). The 4 Fishing Harbours, FLCs and Jetties are river based and get silted in due course. There is need for periodical dredging to desist the Fishing Harbour and Jetty areas for easy passage of vessels. Dredging is indispensable. If this is not done, the harbours and jetties may become dysfunctional. Navigational aids consisting of beacon lights and weather-warning systems are absolutely necessary for the fishing bases as Orissa coast is prone to natural calamity.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA SCHEMES & PROGRAMMES
The following GoI schemes and programmes are being operated under the Fisheries Department:
CENTRALLY SPONSORED PLAN SCHEMES:
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Development of Inland Fisheries & Aquaculture (FFDA) (75:25)
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Motorization of Traditional Crafts (50:50)
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Welfare Schemes for fishermen:
1. Construction of Low cost house _ NWFF (50:50)
2. Saving-cum-Relief scheme (50:50)
3. Accident Insurance for fishermen (50:50)
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Development of fishing harbours & jetties (50:50)
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Fishermen rebate on HSD oil (80:20)
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Fisheries Training & Extension (80:20)
CENTRAL PLAN
- Strengthening of Data base & information Networking for fisheries sector
- Enforcement of Marine Fishing Regulation Act
SPECIAL CENTRAL ASSISTANCE
- Development of pisciculture in KBK Districts under RLTAP
SPECIAL PROGRAMMES
- Support to Training & Employment Programme for women (STEP)
(Assistance from Ministry of Human Resources Development, Department for Women & CD, Govt. of India)
FISH PRODUCTION:
The inland & marine fish production of the State for last 6 (six) years as follows:
FISH PRODUCTION (in MT)
| Year |
Inland |
Marine |
Total |
| 1997-1998 |
1,52,418 |
1,56,081 |
3,08,499 |
| 1998-1999 |
1,59,904 |
1,24,329 |
2,84,233 |
| 1999-2000 |
1,35,303 |
1,25,935 |
2,61,238 |
| 2000-2001 |
1,38,556 |
1,21,086 |
2,59,642 |
| 2001-2002 |
1,68,060 |
1,13,893 |
2,81,953 |
| 2002-2003 |
1,74,201 |
1,15,009 |
2,89,210 |
| 2003-2004 |
1,90,022 |
1,16,880 |
3,06,902 |
Export of marine fish from Orissa:
| Year |
Quantity exported (in MTs.) |
Value (in Rs. cores) |
| 1999-2000 |
9,568 |
332.95 |
| 2000-2001 |
10,644 |
379.10 |
| 2001-2002 |
11,318 |
371.38 |
| 2002-2003 |
11,694 |
365.16 |
| 2003-2004 |
11,890 |
334.43 |
SWOT ANALYSIS:
STRENGTH
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Vast scope to augment inland fish production
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Vast scope to augment inland fish production
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Vast scope to augment inland fish production
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Have a dedicated technical workforce
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The biggest brackishwater lagoon of Asia – Chilka provides vast scope for fish production with suitable areas for sea weed culture
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Vast scope towards export of fish products
WEAKNESS
INLAND SECTOR:
- More than 60% of tanks/ pond are under Govt. sector – competing use for water
- Most tanks under Pvt. Sector are under multiple ownership
- Credit support is not adequate and procedure of finance is not farmer friendly
- Lack of entrepreneurship
- Farmer friendly Govt. land lease policy lacking in Brackishwater sector
- Need for change in long term lease policy of GP tanks
- Inadequate fund support towards capacity building & training
- No insurance coverage/ support price of fish
- Inadequate Policy to backup resource mobilization
MARINE SECTOR:
- Currently fishing is restricted to inshore area
- Fishing zones are restricted due to turtle conservation measures/ wild life sanctuary
- Off-shore waters are not exploited yet due to inadequate policy support/ suitable fishing crafts
- Inadequate budgetary support on matching State share resulting in tardy progress
- Dearth of suitable infrastructure
OPPORTUNITY
INLAND SECTOR:
- Vast resources in the form of tanks/ ponds, reservoirs, lakes, lagoon, waterlogged areas, backwaters, creeks and canals
- Good stretch of irrigation canal networks throughout the State for availability of water for the tanks/ ponds
- Vast suitable area (0.33 lakh ha.) for shrimp culture in the coastal districts
- Climatic condition of the State is most suitable for shrimp & scampi culture
- Premier research Institute CIFA is situated in the State, which is a boon for the technocrats & farmers
- The college of Fisheries (OUAT), Rangeilunda is imparting fisheries education & generating technical manpower for the State
MARINE SECTOR:
- Great stretch of 480 kms. of coast line
- Strong force of 3.32 lakh marine fishermen
- Growing net webbing & boat building industry in the private sector
- Competitive and highly professional marine product export agencies
- Commercial seaport at Paradip
THREATS
- Weak I.E.C.
- Strong fishery flourishing States in the neighbourhood – A.P. / West Bengal
- Strong pro-fishery activity in the neighbouring states – threat of market competition
- Lack of policy support to check introduction of exotic/ hybrid species and conservation norms
- Infrastructure not of international standards to meet EU norms
- Marine sector vulnerable for frequent threat of calamities
- Exploitation effort days are restricted for International & environmental obligations
- Plan allocation for fisheries development is meagre
- International pressure on anti-dumping, antibiotics etc. reduce price of exportable items and threat of rejection of consignment
- Lack of diagnostic & theraptic support for epidemic diseases like – WSD in shrimp culture make the farmers disinterested to take up culture may result in more left-out shrimp culture farms
CONCLUDING REMARKS:
The fishermen population of Orissa is about 10.44 lakhs. The economic status of the fishermen is below the poverty line. The Fishery sector contributes around 2.32% of State GDP. About 80% of the State population are fish eaters. The annual per capita fish consumption is 8.75 Kg. (during 2003-04). The export of marine product is almost stagnant or less compare to size and resources potential for export. Orissa growth is declining to 4% in spite of the fact that Orissa has vast coastline spreading over 480 kms. At present Orissa is having 23 exporters who are processing in 19 nos. of modern processing plants spreading throughout the coastal districts of Orissa. Out of 19 processing plants, 5 are European approved standard and few of them are highly International standard to meet the requirement of the International market. The total capacity of production of the plants are 342 MT per day. However the average utilisation capacity of the plants are only 11%. The total contribution of sea food production of Orissa in the basket of India sea food export is 8% in terms of quantity and 5% in terms of value. In 2002-03 which has been reduced to 4% in terms of value and 3% in terms of quantity. In the year 2004-05, 11% utilisation capacity of our processing factories is mainly due to decline of oceanic catch un-utilisation of vast coastal land for aquaculture and inadequate infrastructure. However, to increase the potentialities of exports, tremendous opportunities are available.
The above need based shortfall opportunities need intervention for boosting production and export in marine sector. Moreover the fishermen of Orissa are paying a National obligation which is of international obligation for the conservation of Olive Ridley sea turtle.
NEED BASED INTERVENTIONS
- Upgradation of landing centres
- Setting up of chilled storage and ice factories as per EU norms
- Creation for improvement of infrastructure facilities for aquaculture cluster
- The processing plant to be equipped with value added machineries
- Fishermen are to be provided with equipments for Deep sea fisheries beyond 50 Kms.
- Common clod storage facilities is not available in the State in the State in the line with other States to keep the finished products at the time of distress, price fluctuation in the international market. This State is not having quality testing laboratories (up to date marine lab.). The shipment from Paradip Port is necessary to avoid higher container charges and custom related issues.
- Bhubaneswar Airport should have direct International flight for easy access of overseas buyers.
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